Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. The word comes from the Greek words ‘ortho’ meaning straight and ‘odontos’ meaning tooth.

Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement, or deal with the control and modification of facial growth. In the latter case, it is better defined as “dentofacial orthopedics”. Orthodontic treatment can be carried out for purely aesthetic reasons—improving the general appearance of patients’ teeth and face for cosmetic reasons—but treatment is often prescribed for practical reasons, to provide the patient with a functionally improved bite.

When the main aim of the treatment is dental displacement, a fixed multi bracket therapy is used. In this instance, orthodontic wires are inserted into dental braces, which can be made from stainless steel or a more esthetic ceramic material.

Although treatment plans are customized for each patient, most wear their braces from one to three years; depending on what conditions need correcting. This is followed by a period of wearing a “retainer” that holds teeth in their new positions. Although a little discomfort is expected during treatment, today’s braces are more comfortable than ever before. Newer materials apply a constant, gentle force to move teeth and usually require fewer adjustments.

Good oral hygiene is especially important when braces are present. Brushing regularly, as directed by the dentist, flossing daily and scheduling dental visits can help keep teeth healthy.

Patients with braces should maintain a balanced diet and limit between-meal snacks. Your dentist may recommend avoiding certain foods that could interfere with braces or accidentally bend the wires. These foods may include nuts, popcorn, hard candy, ice and sticky foods like chewing gum, caramel or other chewy candy.

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